Many Western states have declared they will achieve all-renewable electrical goals in just two decades. Call me naïve, but haven’t energy experts predicted that wind, sun and other alternative energy sources aren’t up to the job?
Opinion
Alice Jackson, former CEO of Xcel Energy’s Colorado operation, was blunt at a renewable energy conference in February 2020: “We can reliably run our grid with up to 70% renewables. Add batteries to the mix and that number goes up to just 72%.”
Grid experts now say that Jackson’s number is 80%, but still, how will that utility and others produce that missing power?
Bill Gates and a raft of other entrepreneurs see the answer in small, modular nuclear reactors, pointing to the small nuclear engines that have safely run America’s nuclear submarines for decades.
Here’s what we know about these efficient reactors: They’re built in factories, and once in operation they’re cheap to keep going. Each module is typically 50 megawatts, self-contained and installed underground after being transported to its site. The modular design means that when more power is needed, another reactor can be slotted in.
Breakthrough features include safety valves that automatically send coolant to the reactor if heat spikes. This feature alone could have eliminated disasters like Fukushima or Chernobyl, where water pumps failed and cores started melting down.
If small nuclear modules don’t fill the renewables gap, where else to find the “firm power” that Jackson says is needed? The Sierra Club calls on pumped hydro and geothermal as sources of reliable electricity you can just flip on when renewables slow down. But the best geothermal spots have been taken, and pumped hydro has geographic limits and environmental resistance.
Another proposal is linking grids across the country for more efficiency. The idea is that excess wind blowing in Texas could be tapped after the sun goes down on California’s solar farms. This holds incremental promise but progress has been routinely blocked by conservative lawmakers.
“There are high hopes that better batteries will be developed. But in terms of what is technically accessible right now? I think nuclear provides an appealing option.”
Tara Righetti, co-director of the Nuclear Energy Research Center at the University of Wyoming
There’s also the cost argument — that renewables are cheaper. In a fossil-fuel-dominated grid, that’s true. However, MIT points out that as renewables dominate the grid, on-demand forms of power rise in value.
The extreme danger to the grid is the dreaded “dunkelflaute,” a German word for cloudy, windless weather that slashes solar and wind power generation for weeks.
So the problem remains: To avoid rolling blackouts, we need reliable power at the right times, which are usually from 5-8 p.m. That’s when people come home and fire up their gadgets and appliances.
The increasing demand for electricity only adds to the problem: A 2020 Washington Post article predicted that electrification of the economy by 2050 would result in a usage bump of 38%, mostly from vehicles. Consider Ford’s all-electric F150 Lightning, cousin to the bestselling gasoline F150. The $39,000 entry-level truck was designed to replace gasoline generators at job sites, meaning vehicle recharge happens when workers go home, just as renewables flag.
This calls into question what many experts hope car batteries can provide — doing double duty by furnishing peak power for homes at night.
Longer-lasting storage batteries have long been touted as a savior, though Tara Righetti, co-director of the Nuclear Energy Research Center at the University of Wyoming, has reservations. “There are high hopes that better batteries will be developed. But in terms of what is technically accessible right now? I think nuclear provides an appealing option.”
Meanwhile, small nuclear reactors are underway, with Bill Gates’ TerraPower planning a sodium-cooled fast reactor in the coal town of Kemmerer. One 345-megawatt reactor, which generates enough electricity for 400,000 homes, will be paired with a molten-salt, heat storage facility.
Think of it as a constantly recharging battery in the form of stored heat. In the evening as renewable power flags, it would pump out 500 megawatts of power for up to five hours.
These reactors also tackle the little-known problem of cold-starting the electrical grid after an outage. In 2003, suffering a blackout, the Eastern grid could not have restarted with renewables alone.
However we choose to close the energy gap, there’s no time to lose. Wild temperature swings have grid operators increasingly nervous. California has come close to rolling blackouts, and temperatures in the West now break record after record.
As our climate becomes more erratic, reliable electricity is becoming a matter of life and death.
This piece was originally published by Writers on the Range, a nonprofit dedicated to spurring lively conversation about Western issues, and reprinted here with permission.
Coal worked well for a long time. Again this is the twentieth century, we have over populated this earth, we have used up the natural resources, pumped pollution into our air, automobiles etc, we have not converted transportation that would carry more humans, like trains along the I 25 corridor. Go visit Chicago, New York, San Francisco, Portland Oregon, they have wonderful transportation in their cities, because there are fewer cars on the roads. . Remember the covid pandemic, the air pollution was cut in half, why, less automobiles on the road. Why do we not go for cleaner energy, because the big corporations still control out politicians.
In the military, if you want to study nuclear submarines you are stationed in Idaho. Idaho is a long way from the ocean where submarines are deployed. Small nuclear plants have been used in submarines for a long time. Why not use that technology for small power plants? The reason they use nuclear in submarines is because it takes very little fuel for a lot of energy. For years we have used dirty coal and carbon-based fuel and dumped their poisons from power plants into the atmosphere and as coal ash in power plants. We also have had to cover up the land where coal is produced at a lot of expense. Wyoming has uranium so why use Russian uranium? Rare earth minerals for batteries and uranium are found in the badlands. Nothing grows in the badlands. That is why they call them badlands. Why not mine that land for its riches for batteries and nuclear fuel?
Nuclear power is the most expensive and dangerous power source there is. Let Bill Gates put this nightmare in HIS backyard.
Keith I so agree. This is literally going to be in my backyard and at the back porch of my family that live in Diamondville and Kemmerer. The fact that it is experimental also makes me nervous. Add to that I don’t trust Gates. But it looks like it’s coming and I think it will come to Rock Springs and other Wyoming locations soon. I think our governor and Gates want to make us the nuclear state. I have talked to three people locally who have family that are in someway involved with nuclear energy. They don’t seem to be nervous or worried about it coming. Since I know I’m just one little person against Bill and our current governor and their folks, I try to let that comfort me. I agree we have created problems by shutting down coal, gas and oil before we were ready to make a safe transfer to the other, or not a complete one way and not the other.
So what would you propose instead, as a truly viable alternative?
wyoming has the largest supply of coal in the world.
having electricity powered by coal in wyoming would be cheap
& cost effective since the transportation cost would be nil.
nuclear power is a good supplement,same for wind & solar.of course the residuals from these supplemental’s are all needing special disposal.
of all these coal ash is the only by product that can be re-used.
Yes, Paul. I do so agree also. Thanks for your comments.